Rollup economics

Rollup protocol surplus = L2 fees - operational cost - data cost
- L2 fees = congest pricing and MEV
- operational costs = cost of running L2, reward for operators, proving costs etc
- data cost = cost of posting data back to L1
  - will reduce with EIP 4844 and full danksharding
  - data costs can also be reduced via ZK proof aggregation
Protocols will want to reduce the uncertainty in data cost, for example using blockspace derivatives.
Rollup cooperatives (economic integration)
- have shared services like shared provers, or shared sequencing services (example Espresso)
- no political alignment just customers of a shared service provider
- Shared service surplus = service cost rollup A + service cost rollup B - operational cost ShS - data cost Shared service
Rollup federations (economic and political integration)
- Shared bridge and shared governance
- Rollup federations share both services and a bridge to the base layer.
- Native tokens can and will be used to incentivise sequencing , proving etc.
- Major L2s like OP, Polygon, ZK Sync and StarkNet are already moving this direction

Untitled

L3s , Validiums etc
- costs for L3 include operational costs - L2 fees
- make money from fees, subscription, use case
- l2 fees can be born by the L3 themselves or by an RaaS who has to be paid
- Rollup service provider - Altlayer, caldera etc

References